Bentuk Interaksi Sosial
Forms of Social Interaction
Forms of Social Interaction
Interaksi Sosial Asosiatif
Associative Social Interaction
Interaksi social asosiatif merupakan bentuk interaksi social yang menghasilkan kerja sama.
This interaction will create cooperation.
Ada beberapa bentuk proses social asosoatif, yaitu sebagai berikut.
There are some forms of assosiative social process like the following.
Associative Social Interaction
Interaksi social asosiatif merupakan bentuk interaksi social yang menghasilkan kerja sama.
This interaction will create cooperation.
Ada beberapa bentuk proses social asosoatif, yaitu sebagai berikut.
There are some forms of assosiative social process like the following.
1.
Asimilasi (Assimilation )
Asimilasi merupakan proses ke arah pihak merasakan adanya kebudaaan tunggal
sebagi milik bersama.
Assimilation is an acculturation process in which each parties involved feels the presence of one common culture.
Asimilasi akan terjadi apabila;
Assimilation will occur when;
Assimilation is an acculturation process in which each parties involved feels the presence of one common culture.
Asimilasi akan terjadi apabila;
Assimilation will occur when;
a.
Ada perbedaan kebudayaan antara kedua belah
pihak.
There are different cultures in both parties.
There are different cultures in both parties.
b.
Ada interaksi intensif antara kedua belah pihak.
There is intensive interaction between both parties.
There is intensive interaction between both parties.
c.
Adanya proses saling menyesuaikan.
There is mutual adapting pocess.
There is mutual adapting pocess.
Beberapa Faktor yang mempermudah
terjadinya asimilasi, yaitu sebagai berikut;
Some factors that can facilitate assimilation are as follows;
Some factors that can facilitate assimilation are as follows;
a)
Sikap dan kesediaan bertoleransi.
Will to be in tolerance.
Will to be in tolerance.
b)
Sikap menghargai orang asing dan kebudayaannya.
Appreciation toward foreigner and his/her culrute.
Appreciation toward foreigner and his/her culrute.
c)
Adanya kesamaan dalam berbagai unsur budaya.
Similarity in many cultural elements.
Similarity in many cultural elements.
d)
Adanya kesempatan di bidang ekonomi yang
seimbang.
Equual economic opportunity.
Equual economic opportunity.
e)
Keterbukaan golongan penguasa.
Transparency of the ruling power.
Transparency of the ruling power.
f)
Perkawinan campuran.
Mixed marriage.
Mixed marriage.
g)
Adanya musuh bersama dari luar.
External collective enemy.
External collective enemy.
Sementara itu, faktor penghambat
asimilasi antara lain seperti berikut ini;
Meahwhile, the demotivating factors of assimilation are as follows.
Meahwhile, the demotivating factors of assimilation are as follows.
a)
Adanya isolasi kebudayaan dari salah satu
kebudayaan kelompok lain.
Cultural isolation from another group`s culture.
Cultural isolation from another group`s culture.
b)
Minimnya pengetahuan dari salah satu kebudayaan
kelompok lain.
Very little information regarding other groups` culture.
Very little information regarding other groups` culture.
c)
Ketakutan atas kekuatan kebudayaan kelompok
lain.
Anxiety toward the power of another culture.
Anxiety toward the power of another culture.
d)
Perasaan superioritas atas kebudayaan kelompok
tertentu.
Superiority toward another culture.
Superiority toward another culture.
e)
Adanya perasaan in-group yang kuat.
Strong in-group feeling.
Strong in-group feeling.
f)
Adanya perbedaan ciri-ciri badaniah.
Physical differences.
Physical differences.
g)
Adanya perbedaan kepentingan antar kelompok.
Inter-group interest different.
Inter-group interest different.
h)
Adapan diskriminasi.
Discrimination.
Discrimination.
2.
Koorperasi / kerja sama ( Cooperation )
Koorperasi merupakan kerja sama antara beberapa kelompok social yang ada sebagai upaya mencapai tujuan bersama.
Cooperation is the practice of cooperating among the existing group as an effort to reach common goal.
Pada masyarakat kota yang sudah begitu kompleks struktur kemasyarakatannya, pola kerja samanya didorong oleh motivasi berikut ini;
Townsmen with very complex social structure have their cooperation pattern motivated by the following drives;
Koorperasi merupakan kerja sama antara beberapa kelompok social yang ada sebagai upaya mencapai tujuan bersama.
Cooperation is the practice of cooperating among the existing group as an effort to reach common goal.
Pada masyarakat kota yang sudah begitu kompleks struktur kemasyarakatannya, pola kerja samanya didorong oleh motivasi berikut ini;
Townsmen with very complex social structure have their cooperation pattern motivated by the following drives;
a.
Memperoleh keuntungan ekonomis secara efektif
dan efesien.
Earning economic rofit effectively and efficiently.
Earning economic rofit effectively and efficiently.
b.
Menghindari persaingan bebas, maka dibenuklah
semacam asosiasi atau perserikatan, baik di bidang ekonomi, politik, kesenian,
keolahragaan, dan lain-lain.
Avoiding free competition then comes some associations in many sectors like economy, politic, art, sport, etc.
Avoiding free competition then comes some associations in many sectors like economy, politic, art, sport, etc.
c.
Menggalangkan persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa di bidang
beda Negara dan cinta tanah air.
Mobilizing national unity in state defense and motherland devotion.
Mobilizing national unity in state defense and motherland devotion.
Bila ditinjau dari elaksanaannya,
ada beberapa bentuk kerja sama dalam masyarakat, yaitu;
Based on the implementation, there are some forms of social cooptation, namely;
Based on the implementation, there are some forms of social cooptation, namely;
a)
Tawar-menawar, yaitu kerja sama yang ada sebagai
hasil kesepakatan tawar-menawar antara kedua belah pihak.
Bargaining, which is the exiting cooperation as the result of bargaining deal between two parties.
Bargaining, which is the exiting cooperation as the result of bargaining deal between two parties.
b)
Kooptasi, yaitu prosesmembujuklawan untuk
mengikuti pendapat kita.
cooptation, which is a process to persuade the opponent to agree with our opinion.
cooptation, which is a process to persuade the opponent to agree with our opinion.
c)
Koalisi, yaitu kerja sama antar kelompok untuk
mencapai tujuan yang sama, meskipun diantara mereka terjadi perbedaan-perbedaan
struktural.
Coalition, which is a inter-group cooperation to reach common goal not regarding some structural differences among them.
Coalition, which is a inter-group cooperation to reach common goal not regarding some structural differences among them.
d)
Patungan, yaitu usaha bersama utuk melakukan
suatu kegiatan, demi keuntungan bersama yang kelak dibagi secara merata dengan
cara saling mengisi kekurangan masing-masing.
Joint venture, joint business for joint profit that will be proportionally shares by filling each party`s shortage complementarily.
Joint venture, joint business for joint profit that will be proportionally shares by filling each party`s shortage complementarily.
3. Akomodasi
( Accommodation )
Akomodasi merupakan suatu proses penyesuaian sosial dalam interaksi antarindividu dan antarkelompok untuk meredakan pertentangan.
Accommodation is a social adaptation process in interpersonal and inter-group interactions to calm any conflict.
Akomodasi bertujuan untuk;
It aims at;
Akomodasi merupakan suatu proses penyesuaian sosial dalam interaksi antarindividu dan antarkelompok untuk meredakan pertentangan.
Accommodation is a social adaptation process in interpersonal and inter-group interactions to calm any conflict.
Akomodasi bertujuan untuk;
It aims at;
a.
Mengurangi perbedaan pandangan.
Reducing view difference.
Reducing view difference.
b.
Mencegah terjadinya ledakan konflik yang
mengarah pada benturan fisik.
Preventing conflict that will cause physical collision.
Preventing conflict that will cause physical collision.
c.
Mengupayakan terjadinya akomodasi dalam
masyarakat yang dipisahkan oleh system kelas atau kasta.
Seeking accommodation in a society with class/caste system.
Seeking accommodation in a society with class/caste system.
d.
Mengupayakan terjadinya proses pemauran diantara
kelompok kesukuan atau ras.
Seeking assimilation among races or tribes.
Seeking assimilation among races or tribes.
Beberapa bentuk
akomodasi, yaitu;
Some forms of accommodation, they are as follow;
Some forms of accommodation, they are as follow;
a)
Pemaksaan; bentuk akomodasi yang terjadi karena
paksaan fisik maupun psikologi.
Coercion; coercive accommodation process physically or psychologically.
Coercion; coercive accommodation process physically or psychologically.
b)
Kompromi ; penyelesaian sengketa dengan
mengurangi tuntutan kedua belah pihak.
Compromise; dispute solution by reducing claim from both parties to have an agreement point.
Compromise; dispute solution by reducing claim from both parties to have an agreement point.
c)
Penggunaan jasa perantara; keberadaan pihak
hanya sebagai penasehat.
Mediation; it position is only as an advisor.
Mediation; it position is only as an advisor.
d)
Penggunaan jasa penengah; orang yang dipilih oleh
kedua belah pihak.
Arbitration who is appointed by both parties.
Arbitration who is appointed by both parties.
e)
Peradilan; penyelesaian perkara melalui
pengadilan.
Adjudication; dispute solution through court.
Adjudication; dispute solution through court.
f)
Toleransi; akomodasi tanpa persetujuan formal.
Tolerance; an accommodation without formal agreement.
Tolerance; an accommodation without formal agreement.
g)
Konsiliasi; mempertemukan keinginan-keinginan
kedua belah pihak agar tercapai persetujuan.
Conciliation; an accommodation form that makes serious efforts to confront the wishes of the disputed parties for a common agreement.
Conciliation; an accommodation form that makes serious efforts to confront the wishes of the disputed parties for a common agreement.
h)
Stalmate; kekuatan seimbang jadi menghentikan
perselisihannya.
Stalemate; they have equal power so they decide to cease their dispute.
Stalemate; they have equal power so they decide to cease their dispute.
4. Akulturasi
Akulturasi
merupakan proses sosial yang timbul akibat suatu kebudayaan menerima
unsur-unsur dari kebudayaan asing tanpa menyebabkan hilangnya kepribadian
kebudayaan sendiri.
Acculturation is a social process held after a culture adopts some new elements of a different culture wihtout omitting the original one.
Acculturation is a social process held after a culture adopts some new elements of a different culture wihtout omitting the original one.
Interaksi Sosial Disosiatif
Dissociative Social Interaction
Dissociative Social Interaction
Inteaksi disosiatif merupakan bentuk interaksi
sosial yang menghasilkan suatu perpecahan.
Dissociative interaction is a form of social interaction that results in disunity.
Beberapa bentuk proses sosial disosiatif, yaitu sebagai berikut;
Some of their forms are as follows.
Dissociative interaction is a form of social interaction that results in disunity.
Beberapa bentuk proses sosial disosiatif, yaitu sebagai berikut;
Some of their forms are as follows.
1.
Kontraversi
Contravention
Kontraversi adalah proses sosal yang brada di antara persaingan dan pertentanngan/konflik.
Contravention is a socialprocess between competition and conflict.
Contravention
Kontraversi adalah proses sosal yang brada di antara persaingan dan pertentanngan/konflik.
Contravention is a socialprocess between competition and conflict.
2.
Persaingan
Competition
Persaingan merupakan suatu proses sosial di mana individu-individu saling bersaing untuk mencari keuntungan.
Competition is social process where individuals compete each other to find profit.
Fungsi positif dari persaingan;
Competition has some positive functions like the following;
Competition
Persaingan merupakan suatu proses sosial di mana individu-individu saling bersaing untuk mencari keuntungan.
Competition is social process where individuals compete each other to find profit.
Fungsi positif dari persaingan;
Competition has some positive functions like the following;
a.
Menyalurkan
aspirasi secara kompetitif.
Transferring aspiration as competitively.
Transferring aspiration as competitively.
b.
Menyalurkan
daya kreativitas.
Transferring dynamic creativity and flighting spirit.
Transferring dynamic creativity and flighting spirit.
c.
Sebagai
alternatif untuk menyalurkan keinginan-keinginan masyarakat.
Serving as an alternative to transfer public desire.
Serving as an alternative to transfer public desire.
d.
Mengadakan
seleksi agar dapat menempatkan individu sesuai dengan kedudukan, peran, serta
kemampuan.
Holding selection to place individual that fit his/her position, role, and capability.
Holding selection to place individual that fit his/her position, role, and capability.
e.
Menghasilkan
pembagian kerja.
Doing a work specialization.
Doing a work specialization.
3.
Pertentangan
Conflict
Konflik adalah suatu proses sosial dimana individu atau kelompok berusaha untuk memenuhi tujuannya dengan cara menentang pihak lawan dengan menggunakan ancaman atau cara-cara kekerasan.
Conflict is a social process where individual or group tries to achieve their goal by opposing the oppnentusing threat or violation.
Sebab munculnnya pertentangan;
The caus of conflict;
Conflict
Konflik adalah suatu proses sosial dimana individu atau kelompok berusaha untuk memenuhi tujuannya dengan cara menentang pihak lawan dengan menggunakan ancaman atau cara-cara kekerasan.
Conflict is a social process where individual or group tries to achieve their goal by opposing the oppnentusing threat or violation.
Sebab munculnnya pertentangan;
The caus of conflict;
a.
Peredaan
pendapat antarindividu.
Different opinion.
Different opinion.
b.
Perbedaan
kebudayaan.
Culture different
Culture different
c.
Penbedaan
kepentngan.
Different interest.
Different interest.
d.
Perubahan
sosial.
Social change.
Social change.
Akibat dari pertentangan sosial;
Consequences of conflik;
Consequences of conflik;
a.
Timbulnya
solidaritas.
Solidarity.
Solidarity.
b.
Goyahnya
persatuan kelompok.
Disturbed group unity.
Disturbed group unity.
c.
Perubahan
kepribadian individu yang mengalami konflik.
Personality change of the individual having conflict.
Personality change of the individual having conflict.
d.
Hancurnya
harta benda atau korban manusia.
Destroyed property or human victims.
Destroyed property or human victims.
e.
Akomodasi,
dominasi, dan takluknya salah satu pihak.
Accommodation, domination, and the subjection of one party to another.
Accommodation, domination, and the subjection of one party to another.
Sifat Interaksi Sosial
Nature of Social Interaction
Nature of Social Interaction
1)
Hubungan
Antarstatus
Inter-status Relationship
Hubungan antarstatus adalah hubungan antara dua belah pihak dalam masyarakat yang berbeda dalam satu lingkungan organisasi yang bersifat formal.
Inter-status relationship is two-way relation in a society whinti a formal organization that makes each party holding interaction based on their status.
Ciri-ciri hubugan antarstatus;
Characteristics of inter-status relationship;
Inter-status Relationship
Hubungan antarstatus adalah hubungan antara dua belah pihak dalam masyarakat yang berbeda dalam satu lingkungan organisasi yang bersifat formal.
Inter-status relationship is two-way relation in a society whinti a formal organization that makes each party holding interaction based on their status.
Ciri-ciri hubugan antarstatus;
Characteristics of inter-status relationship;
a.
Masing-masing
pihak berpijak pada statusnya.
Each party stands on this/her status
Each party stands on this/her status
b.
Bentuk
hubungan tersebut didasarkan pada aturan yang berlaku.
The relationship is based on the effective regulation.
The relationship is based on the effective regulation.
c.
Toleransi
bersifat terbatas.
limited tolerance.
limited tolerance.
d.
Bentuk-bentuk
hubungan lebih bersifat formal.
more formal relation.
more formal relation.
e.
Adanya
sanksi terhadap penyimpangan.
Sanction imposed on deviated interation from the effective regulation.
Sanction imposed on deviated interation from the effective regulation.
2)
Hubungan
Antarkepentingan
Inter-interest Relationship
Inter-interest Relationship
Hubungan antarkepentingan adalah hubungan
antarpihak di dalam masyarakat yang berorientasi pada terpenuhinya
kepentingandari masing-masing pihak.
Inter-interest relationship ia an inter-party relationship in a needoriented society.
Ciri-ciri dari hubungan antarkepentingan;
The characteristics of inter-interest relationship;
Inter-interest relationship ia an inter-party relationship in a needoriented society.
Ciri-ciri dari hubungan antarkepentingan;
The characteristics of inter-interest relationship;
a.
Masing-masing
pihak berpijak pada kepentingan masing-masing.
Each party stand on their own interests.
Each party stand on their own interests.
b.
Bentuk
hubungan cenderung bersifat formal.
The relationship tends to be formal.
The relationship tends to be formal.
c.
Didasarkan
pada norma-norma tertentu yang telah disepekati.
Based on certain agreed norms.
Based on certain agreed norms.
d.
Solidaritas
relatif lebih tinggi.
Relatively higher solidarity.
Relatively higher solidarity.
e.
Masing-masing
tidak meiliki kepentingan yang sama.
Each party hass the same interest.
Each party hass the same interest.
3)
Hubungan
Kekeluargaan
Kinship Relationship
Kinship Relationship
Hubungan kekeluargaan adalah hubungan yang terjadi
antarpihak di mana masing-masing masih mempunyai hubungan darah.
Kinship relationship is an interpersonal among parties who are relatives.
Ciri-ciri dari hubungan kekeluargaan;
The characteristics of kinship relationship;
Kinship relationship is an interpersonal among parties who are relatives.
Ciri-ciri dari hubungan kekeluargaan;
The characteristics of kinship relationship;
a.
Masing-masing
pihak masih ada hubungan
darah/kekerabatan.
The parties are all relatives.
The parties are all relatives.
b.
Hubungan
bersifat nonformal.
non-formal relationship.
non-formal relationship.
c.
Solidaritas
sangat tinggi.
Very high solidarity
Very high solidarity
d.
Setiap
interaksi tidak didasarkan pada peraturan yang berlaku.
Every interaction is not based on the effective regulation.
Every interaction is not based on the effective regulation.
e.
Masing-masing
pihak saling memanjakan.
The parties spoil each other.
The parties spoil each other.
4)
Hubungan
Persahabatan
Friendship Relationship
Friendship Relationship
Hubungan persahabatan adalah hubungan antara dua
atau lebih pihak di mana masing-masing sangat mendambakan adanya komunikasi
yang saling menguntungkan untuk menjalin suatu hubungan yang sedemikian dekat
atau keakraban.
Friendship relationship is when two or more parties really expect a mutually beneficial communication to make a close relationship.
Ciri-ciri hubungan persahabatan;
The Characteristics of friendship;
Friendship relationship is when two or more parties really expect a mutually beneficial communication to make a close relationship.
Ciri-ciri hubungan persahabatan;
The Characteristics of friendship;
a.
Bentuk
hubungan dapat bersifat formal atau nonformal.
The relationship can be formal or non-formal.
The relationship can be formal or non-formal.
b.
Masing-masing
pihak saling mengupayakan agar hubungan tetap harmonis.
Each party manages harmonious.
Each party manages harmonious.
c.
Solidaritas
sosial tinggi.
High social solidarity.
High social solidarity.
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